Variables | PSHI (Low-risk group) | PSHI (High-risk group) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Yes | p-valuec | Total | Yes | p-valuec | |||
Na | Na | %b | Na | Na | %b | |||
General characteristics | ||||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||
15–29 | 2746 | 1541 | 57.6 | < 0.001 | 708 | 459 | 67.5 | < 0.001 |
30–39 | 4811 | 3053 | 63.7 | 0.168d | 1340 | 973 | 72.8 | 0.039d |
40–49 | 5284 | 3369 | 63.9 | 1808 | 1280 | 71.6 | ||
50–59 | 3349 | 2087 | 62.3 | 1571 | 1084 | 69.8 | ||
≥ 60 | 1987 | 1177 | 60.2 | 923 | 600 | 65.6 | ||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 8640 | 5757 | 66.2 | < 0.001 | 3999 | 2976 | 74.4 | < 0.001 |
Female | 9537 | 5470 | 58.7 | 2351 | 1420 | 62.5 | ||
Education level | ||||||||
Middle school or below | 1887 | 1064 | 58.5 | < 0.001 | 1109 | 708 | 65.3 | < 0.001 |
High school | 6266 | 3512 | 56.7 | < 0.001d | 3189 | 2179 | 69.1 | < 0.001d |
College or above | 10,024 | 6651 | 66.0 | 2052 | 1509 | 74.1 | ||
Monthly income (KRW 10,000) | ||||||||
< 150 | 5501 | 2872 | 53.8 | < 0.001 | 1934 | 1148 | 61.1 | < 0.001 |
150–249 | 6198 | 3816 | 61.6 | < 0.001d | 2312 | 1555 | 67.8 | < 0.001d |
250–399 | 4773 | 3261 | 67.2 | 1694 | 1345 | 78.9 | ||
≥ 400 | 1705 | 1278 | 73.4 | 410 | 348 | 84.2 | ||
Occupational characteristics | ||||||||
Occupational type | ||||||||
White-collar | 8943 | 6050 | 67.4 | < 0.001 | 1285 | 1024 | 79.8 | < 0.001 |
Pink-collar | 4865 | 2465 | 51.6 | 1576 | 905 | 59.9 | ||
Blue-collar | 4369 | 2712 | 61.9 | 3489 | 2467 | 70.5 | ||
Number of employees | ||||||||
1–4 | 4047 | 1887 | 48.5 | < 0.001 | 1448 | 776 | 56.3 | < 0.001 |
5–49 | 9302 | 5723 | 61.8 | < 0.001d | 3212 | 2181 | 68.5 | < 0.001d |
50–299 | 3317 | 2398 | 71.3 | 1142 | 935 | 80.9 | ||
≥ 300 | 1511 | 1219 | 77.9 | 548 | 504 | 91.4 | ||
Working hours per a week (hours) | ||||||||
< 40 | 10,350 | 6479 | 63.0 | < 0.001 | 2951 | 2072 | 71.7 | < 0.001 |
41–52 | 4955 | 3117 | 63.1 | < 0.001d | 1841 | 1326 | 72.1 | < 0.001d |
53–60 | 2011 | 1152 | 58.2 | 1076 | 697 | 66.4 | ||
≥ 61 | 861 | 479 | 57.1 | 482 | 301 | 61.9 | ||
Tenure (years) | ||||||||
< 1 | 2203 | 1132 | 52.2 | < 0.001 | 815 | 518 | 67.2 | < 0.001 |
1–5 | 6713 | 3956 | 59.5 | < 0.001d | 2133 | 1379 | 65.0 | < 0.001d |
≥ 5 | 9261 | 6139 | 66.6 | 3402 | 2499 | 74.1 | ||
Shift work | ||||||||
Yes | 1643 | 1117 | 67.0 | < 0.001 | 908 | 745 | 80.9 | < 0.001 |
No | 16,534 | 10,110 | 61.8 | 5442 | 3651 | 68.3 | ||
Type of employment | ||||||||
Regular | 13,841 | 8997 | 64.6 | < 0.001 | 4347 | 3185 | 73.3 | < 0.001 |
Temporary | 4336 | 2230 | 53.8 | 2003 | 1211 | 62.7 | ||
Labor unions | ||||||||
Presence | 2506 | 1978 | 77.4 | < 0.001 | 935 | 813 | 86.1 | < 0.001 |
Absence | 15,671 | 9249 | 59.8 | 5415 | 3583 | 67.3 | ||
Job-related factors | ||||||||
Physical risk factors | ||||||||
Yes | 5243 | 3452 | 65.8 | < 0.001 | 4224 | 3035 | 72.3 | < 0.001 |
No | 12,934 | 7775 | 60.9 | 2126 | 1361 | 65.8 | ||
Biochemical risk factors | ||||||||
Yes | 3017 | 2012 | 65.7 | < 0.001 | 3080 | 2255 | 73.2 | < 0.001 |
No | 15,160 | 9215 | 61.6 | 3270 | 2141 | 67.1 | ||
Ergonomic risk factors | ||||||||
Yes | 14,438 | 8794 | 61.5 | < 0.001 | 6057 | 4171 | 69.7 | 0.004 |
No | 3739 | 2433 | 65.1 | 293 | 225 | 77.1 | ||
Usage of personal protective equipment | ||||||||
No need | 15,468 | 8866 | 58.3 | < 0.001 | 3042 | 1612 | 54.4 | < 0.001 |
Need/wear | 2440 | 2179 | 89.4 | 3038 | 2621 | 86.5 | ||
Need/no wear | 269 | 182 | 66.3 | 270 | 163 | 62.1 |